What do colleges focus on while assessing applications?

I'm working on my college apps, and I'm a little bit stressed about what stands out the most to admissions officers. In your guys' experience, what do colleges look for most when reviewing applications? GPA, extracurriculars, essays?

When colleges are reviewing applications, they look at several key factors to get a holistic understanding of the student. These components include:

Academics: This includes your grades (from your GPA and transcript), course rigor, and test scores (if the college is not test-blind). Colleges want to know how you've performed academically and what level of challenge you've chosen to undertake in your coursework.

Extracurriculars: Your involvement in activities outside of school provides insights into your interests, leadership qualities, initiative, and other personal qualities. In ranking your ECs, colleges use the 4 Tiers of Extracurriculars. So, while involvement to some degree is expected, attaining higher tiers can distinguish your application.

Essays: Your essays allow the admissions committee to learn more about you as a person, your values, your thoughts, and what you could contribute to the campus community. It's a chance for them to hear your voice beyond numbers.

Letters of Recommendation: These provide a third-party perspective on your strengths and potential for success in a college setting.

Keep in mind that each college has its unique approach and may prioritize different aspects of an application. For instance, some highly selective schools may look for a "spike," or particular area of depth and achievement, in an applicant.

Every application is evaluated contextually, meaning admissions officers take into consideration your opportunities and circumstances. Therefore, a student who has made the most out of their situation, displaying both academic ability and engagement outside of the classroom, tends to stand out positively.

Remember not to neglect any component thinking it's less important. Strive for balance and make sure each part of your application reinforces who you are and what you bring to the table.