What are some common literary techniques?

Hey, I've been hearing the term 'literary technique' a lot lately and was wondering what exactly are some examples of these techniques? How do authors use them effectively in their writing?

Literary techniques are methods and devices that authors use to enhance their writing and convey meaning more effectively. Here are some common literary techniques and brief explanations:

1. Metaphor: This is a comparison between two seemingly unrelated objects or ideas without using "like" or "as." For example, "Her heart is made of stone."

2. Simile: A comparison between two objects or ideas using "like" or "as." For example, "The world is like a stage."

3. Personification: Attributing human qualities or characteristics to non-human objects or abstract concepts. For example, "The wind whispered through the trees."

4. Alliteration: The repetition of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely connected words. For example, "She sells seashells by the seashore."

5. Hyperbole: An exaggerated statement used to emphasize an idea or create a strong impression. For example, "He's as fast as lightning."

6. Onomatopoeia: The use of a word that imitates or resembles the sound it describes. For example, "buzz," "bang," or "hiss."

7. Imagery: Language that appeals to the reader's senses, creating vivid pictures in their mind. For example, "The autumn leaves were a blanket of red and gold."

8. Irony: The expression of meaning through language that usually signifies the opposite, often for humorous or mocking effect. Examples include verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony.

9. Symbolism: The use of an object, person, or situation to represent a deeper, often abstract, meaning. For example, a dove representing peace.

10. Foreshadowing: Hints or clues given by the author about future events in the story, creating suspense and anticipation.

11. Allusion: A reference to other literary works, historical events, or figures, often to evoke deeper meaning. For example, "He's a regular Einstein," referring to someone who is intellectually gifted.

Authors use these techniques to add depth, complexity, and beauty to their writing. By employing these methods, they can draw readers in, convey themes more effectively, and create memorable characters and settings. The key to using literary techniques effectively is to use them purposefully and skillfully, ensuring that they enhance the story rather than detract from it. Overusing or forcing these techniques can result in a contrived or difficult-to-understand work. However, when applied thoughtfully, they can greatly enrich an author's writing and elevate the reader's experience.